9A GRAMMAR clauses of contrast and purpose

a Match 1–10 with a–j to make complete sentences. 1 They went to London for… g a be late. 2 She flew to São Paulo to… b the rough sea. 3 Although Josh played really well, … c the fact that it was raining. 4 We downloaded a travel app so that… d avoid the traffic. 5 Despite losing the first set, … e I still went to work. 6 Even though I wasn’t feeling very well, … f she won the match. 7 I took a taxi so as not to… g a weekend break. 8 He went for a walk in spite of… h he lost in the end. 9 We left early in order to… i we would know the best things to see. 10 The men went out fishing in spite of… j visit her brother. b Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that both sentences mean the same. 1 In spite of the cold weather, the barbecue was a success. (although)

2 A lot of companies have reduced staff numbers so that they can save money. (in order to) 3 Even though the flight was long, she felt great when she arrived in New York. (despite) 4 Nick didn’t tell Louisa the truth because he didn’t want to hurt her feelings. (so as) 5 I bought the shoes in spite of the fact that they were ridiculously expensive. (even though) 6 The company has a big market share even though they do very little advertising. (in spite of) 7 They had to leave the hotel early. If they hadn’t, they would have missed their train. (so that) 8 She didn’t get the job in spite of being a strong candidate. (though) ACTIVATION

Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then compare with a partner. 1 Sara is learning English in order to . 2 My husband isn’t making very good progress in English, even though . 3 Nicola watches films in English to . 4 Jan passed his English exam despite . 5 Our English teacher took us to London for the weekend so that .

Write two true sentences about yourself and learning English. Use expressions of contrast and purpose. Then compare your ideas with a partner.